In the US, EEO is enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission under laws including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Many employers include an EEO statement in job adverts and collect voluntary demographic data to monitor outcomes. In the UK, the comparable framework is the Equality Act 2010, which lists nine protected characteristics.
EEO obligations apply to every stage of hiring, from adverts and screening criteria to interviews and offers, and they apply to tools as much as to people. Employers using automated screening generally remain responsible for its outcomes. Consistent, job-related criteria, documented decisions and regular monitoring for adverse impact are standard ways to show fair treatment, though specific legal questions need advice in the relevant jurisdiction.